BUACC 5931 Research and Statistical Methods for Business Assignment Sample
Assignment Brief
Section 1 Instructions of assignment 1
Description of the assessment: This assessment involves reading and analysing a journal article provided, titled: “Association between quantitative and qualitative job insecurity and well-being” (De Witte et al., 2010) . Students are expected to answer five questions. In answering the questions, students are expected to cite at least four academic sources in English (peer reviewed journal articles or books or a combination of both books and peer reviewed journal articles).These cited sources should be relevant to the answers of the questions.
Type of assessment: Individual assessment
Allocation of marks: 20 marks
Word limit: Answers of the questions, and the references will be around 1500 words in total.
Due date: End of week 4
The article for assignment 1: See the journal article of De Witte et al. (2010) in Moodle. De Witte, De Cuyper, Handaja, Sverke, Näswall, & Hellgren. (2010). Associations Between Quantitative and Qualitative Job Insecurity and Well-Being: A Test in Belgian Banks. International Studies of Management & Organization, 40(1), 40-56.
doi:10.2753/IMO0020-8825400103
Section 2: Questions for assignment 1
Question 1: Sample size
The sample size for this study is fifteen thousand employees selected from a total of 69,000 bank employees (about 21% of the employees). Is a sample of this size necessary? Give your reasons.
Question 2: Sampling method
What is the current method of sampling? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the current sampling method?
Question 3: Measures of variables
Give your comments on the reliability and validity of measures of the variables.
Question 4: Collection of data on social demographics
The purpose of this research is to find the associations between quantitative and qualitative job insecurity and well-being. However, data on variables such as gender, age, education level, extra income were also collected. What is the purpose of collecting data on variables such as gender, age, educational level etc.?
Question 5: Research design
What research design is used for current research? What are the positive and negative side of the current research design?
References
Solution
Assessment Task 1: Individual Assignment
Question 1: Sample size
Answer
According to Caine (2016), argues that a small sample size in a study is not valid, as it does not provide valid grounds for rejecting it. They believe the study's greater value has significantly influenced the acquisition of 69,000 banking sector employees. The banking quarter researchers deliberately sought to ensure the representativeness and dependability of their sample size by employing random sampling. The researchers sought to minimize possible biases associated with smaller pattern sizes while obtaining insights that adequately considered the broader running environment, using a total pattern of 69,000 runners. The researchers were able to gather a sample size of 15,003 people by using employing this technique, which money owed for a extensive part of the exertions force. The researchers' ability to apply random sampling to acquire a whole lot of viewpoints and studies from personnel inside the banking quarter more desirable the generalizability of their findings. This approach lessened the danger of bias stemming from the choice of precise employee corporations or groups for the sample. Along with an extended pattern period, the researchers additionally aimed to increase the statistical power in their evaluation on the grounds that they believed that this will growth the reliability and validity in their outcomes. The lengthy sample period boosted consider within the examine's findings and allowed for a more thorough statistical examination. Through the usage of entire sample length, which includes all banking area employees, and random sampling software, the researchers were able to create a representative pattern that fairly represented the variety and intensity of viewpoints held with the aid of the people in the group. This approach greater the have a look at's validity and reliability and deepened our comprehension of the connection between job protection and employee well-being in the banking quarter for university assignment help Since no information was available and there was no proof of the attributes mentioned, writers in the De Witte et al. (2010) study took into account the simple size for convenience. Furthermore, the sample population is representative of a range of employee levels in the banking industry, so it has been successful in eliciting opinions from a variety of perspectives, which has helped to eliminate bias resulting from the small sample size's inclusion of missing data (Rombach et al. 2018). The used sample size is of 15,003 out of 69,000 banking industry employees to enhance the reliability and quality of their quantitative evaluation results.
Question 2: Sampling Method
Answer: The research investigation conducted by De Witte et al. (2010) applied the stratified sampling technique. Using this, researchers had been capable of accumulate statistics from Belgian financial institution employees. According to Rahman et al. (2022), basic random sampling can be made more effective in gathering data by including a "equal chance of being chosen as a respondent" in the process. Thus, this sample technique has the following advantages: Its effectiveness in reducing prejudice through integration might be included in a research study (Singh & Masuku, 2014).
B. A homogeneous study might make it possible to estimate parameters more accurately. C. The sample's quality is unaffected by using this technique of data collecting (Bhardwaj, 2019). The disadvantages of this study are as follows; A. Just on account of homogenous this method can be used. B. On the off chance that populace units are heterogenous this testing strategy can't be utilized.
C. This inspecting technique can be expensive and tedious for an enormous scope study (Business Exploration Philosophy, 2011). For this experiment, the simple random pattern approach should have been replaced with a stratified sample strategy by the researchers. Using stratified sampling, the population is split into homogeneous subgroups or strata correlated with relevant variables, such as banking region departments or occupational functions. This strategy may guarantee the involvement of several labor firms, enabling a more thorough investigation and lowering the possibility of bias. To identify and sample from every stratum, however, might be more expensive and labor-intensive in a large-scale study like this one. A population can be divided into smaller groups, or strata, based on shared traits like wealth or education, by using stratified random sampling. Just two of the numerous benefits of this technique are population demography and studies on life expectancy.
Proportionate stratified random sampling uses random samples from stratified groups proportionate to the population, whereas disproportionate sampling creates strata that are not representative of the population as a whole. Stratified random sampling ensures that each sample is chosen at random, in contrast to normal random sampling, which chooses data at random from the whole population with an equal chance for each sample. It may not be possible for researchers to finish their analysis or study on a representative sample of objects with comparable features due to the vastness of the population. Analysts may decide to use a small sample size to represent the complete population in order to save time and money.
Question 3: Measures of variables
Answer: This study provides descriptive statistics, representing the mean of each variable and control variable, standard deviation, and correlation between scales, with an acceptable value range of 0.70 to 0.95. While the research that might be conducted concentrates on the reliability element—the application of Cronbach's alpha values—they also provide evidence of the examination's accuracy. First off, the inclusion of descriptive data like imply, trend deviation, and correlation coefficients will boost the validity of the research. These specifics enable researchers to evaluate the dataset in-depth and determine its relevant trend, dispersion, and correlations. The analysis demonstrates the analytical validity by accurately capturing the required file properties. Additionally, by doing a few regression analyses to assess the hypotheses, the study's validity is enhanced. To determine the version's predictive potential, multiple regression analysis looks for correlations between a known variable and a number of unrelated parameters. The combined results show the strength of the research and suggest an overconfidence in the relationships found at a significant level far below.001. This careful statistical analysis demonstrates the correctness of the examination's results. In addition, as recommended by Di Leo & Sardanelli (2020), the hypothesis verification uses a p-fee that is lower than the overall.05 norm and takes crucial levels into account to enhance repeatability and lower false discovery costs. By using a stronger significance criterion, the observer increases the validity of its findings, lowers the likelihood of Type I errors, and increases confidence in the results' practical applicability. Even though the investigation's primary focus is on dependability as measured by Cronbach's alpha values, the methodology and analytical technique used in the study support the study's validity. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, and a rigorous significance tier evaluation demonstrate the study's dedication to generating reliable and valid findings that are consistent with the objectives and hypotheses of the research.
Question 4: Collection of data on social demographics
Answer: According to the perspective on Connelly (2013), Segment is the field that assists with looking at measurements of a specific populace. In 2010, Belgium forced the law by ordering the presence of 33% of every orientation on administration sheets of openly recorded organizations and states (Mateos de Cabo et al. 2012). Therefore, each gender is necessary to provide an important perspective for a survey. Based on these statistics, the authors have sampled around 41.5% female and 58.5% male. To achieve this effectiveness, the research study's writers took use of demographic characteristics. Readers can compare the sample with a representative sample of the banking sector that is taken from a broader segment of the socioeconomic background by using an alternate point of view. In order to consider the 15,003 participants as a representative sample of all 69,000 employees in Belgium's banking sector, the authors have improved the study's transparency and reliability while looking at demographic characteristics.
Question 5: Research design
Answer: The study has used a quantitative methodology of research to scrutinize the assigned research. Surveying in the final year has been carried out by looking at Cross-sectional data collected over a 12 months period. According to Zangirolami-Raimundo et al. (2018), cross-sectional studies can be beneficial in researching other phenomena such as diseases or health conditions at a given moment in time. Another advantage is that it gives researchers an opportunity to deduce the cause and effect relationship within the conditional event. Thus, weighing factors risk in this prospective manner will not only help them ascertain it by pin-point targeting, but also to prevent them. Moreover, in the case of the use of historical sources, the researcher can obtain the data with a determinate time period and it may help in the process of making a quick and efficient study. Thus, the main beneficial effects can be pointed out. The cross-sectional study design is used; this helps financial savings when conducting a research study (Zangirolami-Ramidundo et al. 2018). It might be of great help for having done the research on time so within a time limit. (Zangirolami-Raimundo et al. 2018). The positive attributes of this type of design are outweighed by some negative ones as well. On the contrary, the study cannot show any association of cause and effect. In that case, then the sample size will have to be increased (Zangirolami-Raimundo et al. 2018). In the opinion of Gamez-Nava et al. (2022), the cross-sectional study will not be effective to identify the causal associations. Indeed, as an example, if the researcher wants to establish the instant when mental stressors like job insecurity and related mental distress has only started to pursue the employee, it will be hard to provide.
References
Bhardwaj, P. (2019). Types of sampling in research. Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, 5(3), 157. https://www.j-pcs.org/article.asp?issn=2395-5414;year=2019;volume=5;issue=3;spage=157;epage=163;aulast=Bhardwaj
Business Research Methodology (2011). Simple Random Sampling - Research-Methodology. [online] Research-Methodology. Retrieved on: 28.03.2023, from: https://research-methodology.net/sampling-in-primary-data-collection/random-sampling/.
Caine, K. (2016, May). Local standards for sample size at CHI. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 981-992). https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2858036.2858498
Connelly, L. M. (2013). Demographic data in research studies. Medsurg Nursing, 22(4), 269-271. https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA341687270&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=10920811&p=AONE&sw=
w&userGroupName=tacoma_comm
De Witte, De Cuyper, Handaja, Sverke, Näswall, & Hellgren. (2010). Associations Between Quantitative and Qualitative Job Insecurity and Well-Being: A Test in Belgian Banks. International Studies of Management & Organization, 40(1), 40-56. doi: https://doi.org/10.2753/IMO0020-8825400103
Di Leo, G., & Sardanelli, F. (2020). Statistical significance: p value, 0.05 threshold, and applications to radiomics—reasons for a conservative approach. European radiology experimental, 4(1), 1-8. https://eurradiolexp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41747-020-0145-y
Gamez-Nava, J. I., Ramirez-Villafaña, M., Cons-Molina, F., Gomez-Ramirez, E. E., Esparza-Guerrero, Y., Saldaña-Cruz, A. M., ... & Gonzalez-Lopez, L. (2022). Serum irisin concentrations and osteoporotic vertebral fractures in women with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional study. Medicine, 101(6). https://sciencing.com/characteristics-good-sample-size-5972671.html
Mateos de Cabo, R., Gimeno, R., & Nieto, M. J. (2012). Gender diversity on European banks’ boards of directors. Journal of business ethics, 109, 145-162. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maria-Nieto-28/publication/257541717_Gender_Diversity_on_European_Banks'_Boards_of_Directors/links/55c89c5108ae
a2d9bdc9072e/Gender-Diversity-on-European-Banks-Boards-of-Directors.pdf
Rahman, M. M., Tabash, M. I., Salamzadeh, A., Abduli, S., & Rahaman, M. S. (2022). Sampling techniques (probability) for quantitative social science researchers: a conceptual guidelines with examples. Seeu Review, 17(1), 42-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2022-0023
Rombach, I., Gray, A. M., Jenkinson, C., Murray, D. W., & Rivero-Arias, O. (2018). Multiple imputation for patient reported outcome measures in randomised controlled trials: advantages and disadvantages of imputing at the item, subscale or composite score level. BMC medical research methodology, 18, 1-16. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12874-018-0542-6
Singh, A. S., & Masuku, M. B. (2014). Sampling techniques & determination of sample size in applied statistics research: An overview. International Journal of economics, commerce and management, 2(11), 1-22. https://www.academia.edu/download/65225177/21131_IJECM.pdf
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. International journal of medical education, 2, 53. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4205511/
Zangirolami-Raimundo, J., de Oliveira Echeimberg, J., & Leone, C. (2018). Research methodology topics: Cross-sectional studies. Journal of Human Growth and Development, 28(3), 356-360. https://www.revistas.usp.br/jhgd/article/view/152198
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