ADM80012 Technology Management Report 2 Sample
Assignment Brief
Assignment 2 has two sections:
1) A report (around 3500 words) which students in a group of 3 – 5 (within the same tutorial) need to prepare for an academic document addressing “creativity process & identifying technologies for different cases”. The different cases are explained in this file. Students must choose from options available for them in following slides and it will be better to have a conversation with Kourosh before making their choice. Due date is Sunday 26th of May (end of week 12).
2) A group presentation (each student must participate in the presentation) related to the outcomes of the report. The slides of presentation should be submitted on Sunday 19th of May via Canvas site. The whole team must work together and allocate section or sections of the total work to each individual member of group. Then, in week 12, during tutorial time, all students must present their work to other students in the tutorial. We expect students in each group present their work between 20 to 25 minutes. We have maximum six groups in each tutorial.
For the report, and according to Ideation process, students please follow the process below. First of all, students need to choose one case among cases that are available and then, make sure that they have consultation time with Kourosh about their progress during tutorial time.
1) Describe the problem
2) Observe and study the problem
3) Intuitive thinking and Brainstorming
4) Insights, ideas and inventive thinking - research new technologies or existing technologies to be modified
5) Evaluate the ideas - think of implementation process for new or modified technologies
Then use several concepts such as: Project Management and Risk Assessments to add value to the group project. Finally conduct a research about a possibility of collaboration between existing companies to develop a "NEW BUSINESS UNIT" as approaching Corporate Entrepreneurship.
In order to nominate cases for this assignment, Kourosh tried to look at cases that might help companies to either modify their existing processes or develop a new business unit with the company.
1) Case 1 – Recycling Apple Orchard Waste - Apple pomace to biofuels such as methane, bioethanol, butanol, and hydrogen. This would be considered as a “Techno-economic” case
2) Case 2 – Recycling Apple Orchard Waste - Apple pomace to Bio fertilizers. A “Techno-economic” case
3) Case 3 – Recycling Apple Orchard Waste - Apple pomace to Bio chemicals. A “Techno-economic” case
4) Case 4 – Recycling Apple Orchard Waste - Apple pomace to Packaging materials. A “Techno-economic” case
5) New design and technology for dual-axis Rooftop Solar Panels system.
6) New design and technology for River Cleaning focusing on plastics (trashes and junks) and removing Oil.
7) New design and technology for extra mobility capacities adding to current wheelchairs design.
8) New Design and technology for Collecting Satellites’ debris and bringing them to the earth.
9) Renovating existing houses to make sure disable people live in are enjoying a comfortable life.
10) Universal EV batteries to connect to a wide range of EV cars.
More details about cases that presented in previous slide will be available and handed out by Kourosh during tutorials. Students must choose one of them. The choice of group in each tutorial will be finalised soon after students discuss their choice with Kourosh during weeks 5 and 6.
Solutions
1. Introduction
The “transition” towards renewable energy is getting critical over the period. It is driven by the urgent need of reducing over-dependency on fossil fuels. In addition, the urgency of resolving climate change issues has also instigated “shifting” towards embracing renewable energy. Solar energy can be referred to as one of the significant “renewable energy solutions”. Solar energy is extensively adopted due to its ability to generate sustainable power. Based on the information available at secondary sources, “Traditional solar panel systems” are composed of photovoltaic cells. In addition, photovoltaic cells can convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity (Jamroen et al. 2021.p.117295). It has become the most significant feature on rooftops and open areas. These systems are beneficial for minimizing electricity bills. Even, these systems are aimed at providing a renewable energy source and lowering carbon emissions to a great extent.
Relating to this context, the “efficiency of these systems” is limited due to their primary orientation. Precisely, it is not possible to track the movement of the Sun due to the limited efficiency of the system. Dual-axis solar panels have been developed in order to address this limitation (Kambezidis, Mimidis & Kavadias, 2023.p.5067). It is significant to state that these systems can track the movement of the sun both vertically and horizontally (Al-Amayreh & Alahmer, 2022.p.843). This advanced feature aims to significantly increase the exposure of the panels to sunlight. The same eventually enhance their energy output to a great extent. In a nutshell, “dual-axis solar panel” supports high efficiency. Still, it has encountered several challenges such as higher costs, increased complexity, and maintenance requirements for university assignment help.
This report aims to shed light on “new design and technological advancements” for dual-axis rooftop solar panels in order to address these challenges. Along with this, this paper will unveil the strategic ways to deal with those challenges through strategic collaboration and innovative solutions. The detailed analysis of this report will emphasize on the “identification” and “study of the problems” associated with current dual-axis systems. In addition, this paper will offer “intuitive thinking and brainstorming ideas” of potential solutions. Even, proper evaluation of these ideas will be stated with a focus on implementation processes. Such discussion will be followed by the exploration of corporate collaboration in order to enhance innovation. In a nutshell, this report will provide a detailed roadmap for developing cost-effective, more efficient, and reliable dual-axis rooftop solar panel systems.
2. Description of the Problem
The identified primary challenges associated with dual-axis rooftop solar panels are “complexity and cost, maintenance and reliability issues, space requirements, additional energy consumption, environmental impacts, and high initial investment” (Pawar et al. 2021.p.458). It is essential to address these challenges. It is expected that the adoption of strategic approaches and innovative solutions will enable dual-axis systems to become a more practical and attractive option to the population in the coming days.
• Space Requirements
Dual-axis systems often experience difficulties in term of space constraints. It is especially in the urban environments where roof space is quite limited. Dual-axis systems require sufficient room to move both vertically and horizontally as stated (Lu & Ajay, 2024.p.101089). Referring to this information, the “rooftops with limited space” can surely be considered as a challenge.
• Complexity and Cost
The “dual-axis solar tracking systems” is a complex configuration.
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Figure 1: Dual Axis Sun Tracking Algorithm
(Source: Pirayawaraporn et al. 2023.p.120946).
The dual-axis systems need advanced tracking mechanisms in order to adjust the panels both vertically and horizontally (Pirayawaraporn et al. 2023.p.120946). This added complexity includes gears, motors and control units. These equipments must work effectively to follow the movement of the Sun. The design and engineering of these components often contribute to cost maximization of the system. As a result, manufacturing of dual-axis panels is more expensive.
• Reliability and Maintenance
The “increased number of moving parts” in dual-axis systems has raised the risk of mechanical failure. Motors, gears, and other components need regular maintenance in order to ensure higher operational efficiency. Unfavorable weather conditions including heavy snow, high winds and extreme temperatures etc. can potentially influence these systems (Behura et al. 2021.p.520). The same leads to such damage and increased maintenance requirements.
• Energy Consumption
The dual-axis tracking consumes additional power. In addition, additional power is required to operate the motors and control units (Patil et al. 2020.p.01011). The same contributes to the increased efficiency of these systems. This additional power consumption must be regulated properly in order to optimize overall energy balance of the system.
• Environmental Factors
Environmental factors are empowered to influence operational efficiency of dual-axis rooftop solar panels. It is essential to ensure precise alignment for optimizing sunlight exposure (Kafka & Miller, 2020.p.533). Any external including harsh weather conditions can severely influence the “accuracy of the tracking mechanism”. For an example, strong winds can misalign the panels.
3. Observe and Study the Problem
Referring to the information stated in this report, proper observation is needed on technical complexity, environmental impacts, space constraints, energy consumption and maintenance needs of dual-axis rooftop solar panels systems. The same will provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for further improvement. In-depth analysis of “real-world data and case studies” enables to reflect on the key areas of improvement. Even, it is essential to formulate strategies for enhancing the “operational efficiency” of these systems (Awasthi et al. 2020.p.395).
• Space Constraints
The space constraints have instigated significant limitation for “rooftop installations of dual-axis solar panels”. This issue has been identified in the urban environments. It is essential to thoroughly study different building types to understand this crisis. In other words, it is possible to identify the “spatial limitations”. The same will reflect on opportunities for optimizing “panel layouts” (Yunus Khan et al. 2020.p.513). “Rooftops with limited space” may require “compact tracking mechanisms” or “innovative mounting solutions”. The same will maximize “energy generation” within the available area.
• Maintenance and Reliability
The “long-term performance of dual-axis systems” is linked to its “maintenance and reliability” (Ghodasara et al. 2021). Detailed study on the identified “failure rates of existing installations” can offer insights into the issues. For an example, “gear malfunctions” or “frequent motor failures” can indicate the requirement for improved maintenance practices.
• Technical Complexity
The “technical complexity” of dual-axis solar tracking systems is another significant barrier when it comes to its extensive adoption (Tchao et al. 2022.p. e01228). It is important to analyze the “designing and engineering of the tracking mechanisms”. It will help in understanding this complexity. These mechanisms must be equipped with motors. The same will enable the panels to move vertically and horizontally. Proper installment of “control units” will ensure real-time tracking of the sun. Each of these components must work collectively to optimize “higher efficiency” of the system.
• Energy Consumption and Efficiency
A detailed analysis of the “power output and operational energy utilization” of dual-axis systems reflect on its energy consumption. Proper comparison of its “energy generation” with “fixed panels” reveals the operational efficiency. A “cost-benefit analysis” will enable to assess the “economic viability” of dual-axis systems. A cost-benefit analysis will consider the “additional energy consumption” and “maintenance costs” against the increased energy generation and long-term savings (Munshi et al. 2022.p.446). This analysis may inform proper decisions on whether the efficiency gains justify the operational complexities and higher costs.
• Environmental Impacts
Environmental factors including weather conditions, shading and “structural integrity” can influence the performance of dual-axis rooftop solar panels (Pawlak-Jakubowska, 2023.p.112994). It is essential to monitor the performance of these systems under different conditions. It is possible to quantify the impact of shading by using shading analysis tools. In addition, the same will enable to develop effective strategies. Those strategies can be applied to minimize its effects.
4. Intuitive Thinking and Brainstorming
The “intuitive thinking and brainstorming process” has instigated such significant ideas. Those ideas aimed at addressing the challenges associated with dual-axis rooftop solar panels. These ideas include development of proper “tracking mechanisms”, implementation of “adaptive learning algorithms”, utilization of “real-time sensor data feedback”, establishment of “remote monitoring and control systems” etc (Kambezidis, Mimidis & Kavadias, 2023.p.5067). “Intuitive thinking” approach aimed at developing strategic partnerships, prototyping and testing new designs and planning for scalability and deployment (Jamroen et al. 2021.p.117295). Effective marketing can also strengthen the adoption of these innovative systems. Over the period, it is possible to enhance its performance, cost-effectiveness by embracing these innovative solutions and strategic approaches.
4.1. Insights and Ideas
• Adaptive Learning Algorithm (AI)
This “AI-driven approach” can potentially predict “optimal panel positioning” referring to environmental conditions, panel performance and energy output. Proper utilization of “adaptive learning algorithm” can improve the “tracking accuracy” of dual-axis systems (Al-Amayreh & Alahmer, 2022.p.844).
• Compact Tracking Mechanisms
Development of “efficient tracking mechanisms” can reduce the “space requirements” of dual-axis systems (Pawar et al. 2021.p.457). Proper revision in designing “smaller gears and motors” is required. The same enable to movement precisely without taking up “excessive space”.
• Real-time Sensor Data Feedback
Effective installment of a “network of sensors on the solar panels” helps in obtaining “real-time data on factors such as wind speed, panel temperature, snow accumulation and sunlight intensity (Lu & Ajay, 2024.p.101089). The “adaptive learning algorithm” works on these obtained data in order to adjust the “tracking mechanism”. The same aimed at ensuring optimal “sunlight exposure and energy generation” (Pirayawaraporn et al. 2023.p.120946).
• Durable and High-Quality Components
The longevity and reliability of dual-axis systems can be attained through adequate investment in high-quality, durable components (Behura et al. 2021.p.519). Proper maintenance and regular inspection is essential to address the potential issues.
• Remote Monitoring and Control
Remote control capabilities contribute to optimized higher performance. This system provides notifications and alerts as per the maintenance requirements.
4.2. Project Management and Risk Assessment
These ideas can be effectively implemented in support of project management practices. Precisely, proper risk assessment aimed at optimizing feasibility and success. The inter-linked Project Management phases are as follows;
• Project Planning
Properly defined “project objectives”, timelines, and milestones optimizes the implementation scopes of new technologies. The same includes identifying the resources required including materials, funding and expertise (Awasthi et al. 2020.p.394).
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Figure 2: Project lifecycle applicable to the development of dual-axis Rooftop Solar Panels system.
(Source: Yunus Khan et al. 2020.p.513).
Effective project planning starts with a detailed project charter that properly outlines the scope, objectives, and deliverables of the project. Resource planning is necessary. In other words, it is essential to ensure that the project has the necessary materials, funding etc (Yunus Khan et al. 2020.p.512). The same may include sourcing high-quality materials, securing investment from stakeholders and recruiting skilled professionals. Precisely, a detailed budget needs to be developed in order to track project expenses properly.
4.3. Risk Identification and Mitigation
The term, “risk assessment” refers to the identification of potential risks that may potentially impact the project. Such potential risks include financial constraints, technical challenges and regulatory hurdles (Tchao et al. 2022.p. e01228). In addition, these risks can be categorized and prioritized based on their likelihood and potential impact (Ghodasara et al. 2021). A risk register needs to be developed in order to track the identified risks and their mitigation strategies.
4.3.1. Risk Assessment for Dual-Axis Rooftop Solar Panels
This risk assessment table will categorize the potential risks by evaluating their likelihood and impact. In addition, effective mitigation strategies will be suggested to resolve this issue.
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Table 1: Detailed Risk Assessment for Dual-Axis Rooftop Solar Panels
(Source: created by the author and information obtained from secondary sources).
4.4. Collaboration for Corporate Entrepreneurship
Referring to the information stated in this paper, it is significant to explore the possibility of collaboration between existing companies. The same will advance the development of dual-axis rooftop solar panels (Yunus Khan et al. 2020.p.514). Precisely, it will lead to the creation of a new business unit over the period. This approach can strategically shape corporate entrepreneurship. In addition, it will eventually drive innovation and market expansion in the coming days. Some of the significant aspects that need to be assessed, especially when it comes to Corporate Entrepreneurship are as follows;
• Identifying Potential Partners
Collaboration with the companies with potential expertise and resources (i.e. renewable energy providers, technology firms specializing in AI and sensors, solar panel manufacturers) can enhance the development process.
• Developing a New Business Unit
It is required to establish a dedicated business unit that is focused on developing advanced dual-axis rooftop solar systems (Patil et al. 2020.p.01011). This unit can strategically operate as a strategic partnership or joint venture.
• Shared Resources and Expertise
The combined resources and expertise of the collaborating companies can optimize the “research and development” efforts. The same includes sharing research facilities, technical knowledge, and financial investments. These are aimed at reducing costs and increasing efficiency (Tchao et al. 2022.p. e01228).
• Market Entry and Expansion
It will be significant to develop a detailed market entry strategy in order to introduce the new dual-axis systems to various markets. This strategic approach includes creating marketing campaigns, identifying target customer segments, and establishing distribution channels in order to reach potential buyers.
• Continuous Innovation
It is essential to develop a culture of continuous innovation within the new business unit. The same can encourage ongoing research and development practices. Eventually, it will lead to improve the dual-axis systems (Pirayawaraporn et al. 2023.p.120946).
5. Evaluate the Ideas
The evaluation process aims to indicate that the proposed ideas for enhancing dual-axis rooftop solar panels are economically viable, technically feasible, and “implementable with strategic planning and collaboration”.
Technical and Economic Feasibility for Dual-Axis Rooftop Solar Panels
This table will represent the key technical and economic factors that may potentially affect the feasibility of dual-axis rooftop solar panels. The stakeholders can make informed decisions about the implementation this advanced solar systems by assessing these criteria as stated in tabular format (Al-Amayreh & Alahmer, 2022.p.845).
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Table 2: Technical and Economic Feasibility for Dual-Axis Rooftop Solar Panels
(Source: created by the author and information obtained from secondary sources).
Technical Feasibility
• Compact Tracking Mechanisms
The development of compact tracking mechanisms includes significant advancements in materials science and engineering. It is essential to use lightweight, durable materials and miniaturized components in order to achieve the desired design improvements.
• Real-Time Sensor Data Feedback
Installing a “network of sensors” on solar panels is feasible with existing sensor technology. These sensors can provide accurate data on environmental conditions (Al-Amayreh & Alahmer, 2022.p.845). The same can be integrated into the adaptive learning algorithm.
• Adaptive Learning Algorithm (AI)
“Implementation of adaptive learning algorithm” needs integration of AI with real-time sensor data. Extensive applications of AI and machine learning applications have become prominent in various industries (Lu & Ajay, 2024.p.101089). It is essential to develop and train the algorithm in order to optimize panel positioning based on environmental data.
• Remote Monitoring and Control
Development of remote monitoring and control system is required (Pawar et al. 2021.p.457). The same can provide real-time insights and control capabilities. Security measures must be implemented in order to protect the system from cyber threats.
Economic Viability
• Government Incentives and Subsidies
Government incentives and subsidies can enhance the economic viability of dual-axis systems. It is essential to understand the availability of financial supports for renewable energy projects.
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
It is essential to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of the proposed ideas in order to evaluate their economic viability. This analysis must consider the operational costs, initial investment, maintenance expenses and potential energy savings (Behura et al. 2021.p.522). Adoption of strategic economic models can offer valuable insights into the financial performance of these systems.
• Market Demand and Adoption
It is highly essential to assess the market demand for dual-axis rooftop solar panels (Yunus Khan et al. 2020.p.517). In other words, strategic initiatives are required to understand the customer preferences, purchase preferences and market trends. The same will enable to develop targeted marketing strategies. In a nutshell, market research and surveys can provide valuable data on consumer behavior and consumer preferences.
6. Conclusion
The development of “advanced dual-axis rooftop solar panels” has represented a significant opportunity to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of solar energy systems. It is essential to address the challenges of complexity, space requirements, cost requirements, environmental impacts, regular maintenance and energy consumption. It is expected that this advanced well-designed system will become more accessible to the wide range of consumers and organizations in the coming days. The proposed solutions have offered effective ways to attain further improvement. Referring to the information stated in this paper, some of the significant proposed solutions are “compact tracking mechanisms, real-time sensor data feedback, adaptive learning algorithms, durable components and remote monitoring systems”. Apart from that, “strategic partnerships and collaboration” can support the adoption and success of these advanced systems.
This paper has also stated how establishment of a new business unit through “corporate entrepreneurship” can strategically speed up innovation and market growth. Precisely, it is possible to develop dual-axis rooftop solar panels by focusing on, economic viability, technical feasibility and effective implementation. This report has confirmed that properly developed dual-axis rooftop solar panels can deliver superior performance and reliability. The same will eventually contribute to a “sustainable energy future”. In a nutshell, the advancements in dual-axis rooftop solar panel technology can revolutionize the solar energy industry sector. Such revolution in solar energy industry will provide more sustainable solution for renewable energy generation.
7. Reference List
Al-Amayreh, M. I., & Alahmer, A. (2022). On improving the efficiency of hybrid solar lighting and thermal system using dual-axis solar tracking system. Energy Reports, 8, 841-847. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.11.080 [Retrieved on 17 May 2024]
Awasthi, A., Shukla, A. K., SR, M. M., Dondariya, C., Shukla, K. N., Porwal, D., & Richhariya, G. (2020). Review on sun tracking technology in solar PV system. Energy Reports, 6, 392-405. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.02.004 [Retrieved on 17 May 2024]
Behura, A. K., Kumar, A., Rajak, D. K., Pruncu, C. I., & Lamberti, L. (2021). Towards better performances for a novel rooftop solar PV system. Solar Energy, 216, 518-529.Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.01.045 [Retrieved on 16 May 2024]
Ghodasara, A., Jangid, M., Ghadhesaria, H., Dungrani, H., Vala, B., & Parikh, R. (2021). IOT Based Dual Axis Solar Tracker with Power Monitoring System (No. 5063). EasyChair. Retrieved from: DOI:- https://doi.org/10.47531/SC.2022.14 [Retrieved on 17 May 2024]
Jamroen, C., Fongkerd, C., Krongpha, W., Komkum, P., Pirayawaraporn, A., & Chindakham, N. (2021). A novel UV sensor-based dual-axis solar tracking system: Implementation and performance analysis. Applied Energy, 299, 117295.Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117295 [Retrieved on 16 May 2024]
Kafka, J., & Miller, M. A. (2020). The dual angle solar harvest (DASH) method: An alternative method for organizing large solar panel arrays that optimizes incident solar energy in conjunction with land use. Renewable energy, 155, 531-546. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.03.025 [Retrieved on 16 May 2024]
Kambezidis, H. D., Mimidis, K., & Kavadias, K. A. (2023). The Solar Energy Potential of Greece for Flat-Plate Solar Panels Mounted on Double-Axis Systems. Energies, 16(13), 5067. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135067 [Retrieved on 16 May 2024]
Lu, W., & Ajay, P. (2024). Solar PV tracking system using arithmetic optimization with dual axis and sensor. Measurement: Sensors, 33, 101089. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2024.101089 [Retrieved on 16 May 2024]
Munshi, R., Hussain, F., Bristi, F., Karmoker, S. K., Zefat, Z. M., & Sumu, F. B. (2022). Design and fabrication of microcontroller-based dual axis light-sensitive rotating solar panel. Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, 8(1), 444-460. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1080/2374068X.2020.1815137 [Retrieved on 17 May 2024]
Patil, A., Dhavalikar, M., Dingare, S., & Bhojwani, V. (2020). Design and prototyping of dual axis solar tracking system for performance enhancement of solar photo-voltaic power plant. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 170, p. 01011). EDP Sciences. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017001011 [Retrieved on 17 May 2024]
Pawar, P., Pawale, P., Nagthane, T., Thakre, M., & Jangale, N. (2021). Performance enhancement of dual axis solar tracker system for solar panels using proteus ISIS 7.6 software package. Global Transitions Proceedings, 2(2), 455-460.Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gltp.2021.08.049 [Retrieved on 17 May 2024]
Pawlak-Jakubowska, A. (2023). Retractable roof module with photovoltaic panel as small solar power plant. Energy and Buildings, 288, 112994. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.112994 [Retrieved on 16 May 2024]
Pirayawaraporn, A., Sappaniran, S., Nooraksa, S., Prommai, C., Chindakham, N., & Jamroen, C. (2023). Innovative sensorless dual-axis solar tracking system using particle filter. Applied Energy, 338, 120946.Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120946 [Retrieved on 17 May 2024]
Tchao, E. T., Asakipaam, S. A., Fiagbe, Y. A. K., Yeboah-Akowuah, B., Ramde, E., Agbemenu, A. S., & Kommey, B. (2022). An Implementation of an optimized dual-axis solar tracking algorithm for concentrating solar power plants deployment. Scientific African, 16, e01228. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01228 [Retrieved on 16 May 2024]
Yunus Khan, T. M., Soudagar, M. E. M., Kanchan, M., Afzal, A., Banapurmath, N. R., Akram, N.,& Shahapurkar, K. (2020). Optimum location and influence of tilt angle on performance of solar PV panels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 141, 511-532. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-09089-5 [Retrieved on 16 May 2024]
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